>>13956468No, just the first one with recorded history in the current archaeological record.
A previous society, or multiple ones, existed from which the Sumerians, and later Egyptians and Greco-Romans can trace civilizational ancestry.
The Sumerians are noteworthy for having appeared in the record almost as though they were inserted into the region, which is why you hear alot of old rumors about their Gods, the Anunnaki, creating humanity as a slave race to serve them.
What really occurred was they came from elsewhere, landing at Mount Ararat (see: Ararat Anomaly) and spreading into the fertile ancient valleys of the Caucasus and Mesopotamia (Gobleki Tepi is older than Sumerians iirc). Their migration from, wherever they were from, began at the end of the Pleistocene, or last true ice age.
Robert Sepehr will tell you all that is truly known about the subject.
