>>19420503I don't know what causes the phases of the moon but I can show that they're not caused by the sun like you believe.
No the sun wouldn't be visible 24/7. Like I just explained about the midnight zone in the oceans there is a hard limit to how far light can travel in the atmosphere. Things like water, dust, pollen, pollution, chemtrails, etc. all absorb and scatter light and then there's the inverse square law too.
As for the rotation of the heavens you should check out Walter's model while ignoring his seething at the top about it not working since it actually does and his firm belief in the globe won't let him accept the truth.
http://walter.bislins.ch/bloge/index.asp?page=Flat+Earth+Dome+Model 