>>20397755>Am I right to assume that investment has been woefully inadequate over the last few decade for the large electrification needs?yes
>what are some good base metals miners to buy?for base metals it's hard to go wrong with the majors. Teck is a good one for copper and zinc. Lundin Mining is like a smaller Teck. Glencore is a top met coal, zinc and copper producer that also does metals trading and recycling. Rio Tinto and BHP are both iron ore and copper giants, both have other segments as well since they are the world's two biggest mining companies: BHP also has nickel, potash and coal, and RIO also has lithium, diamonds, bauxite/aluminum and titanium. Ivanhoe Mines and Freeport McMoRan are both very copper-focused, IVN also has zinc and platinum group metals assets in development while FCX is also a major gold producer. The Chinese Zijin is a major copper-gold producer as well.
if you want to get more speculative there are many junior miners with projects in development. Most won't ever become mines but there are a few shining stars like NGEX and Filo with their copper projects. But note that the reason copper is especially underinvested over the years is that these kinds of projects can take over ten billion dollars to develop. That's the reason why the global average mined copper grade has declined from 1% to 0.5% in just twenty years.
