>>16223967H.G. Wells wrote a book about that in the late 1800s. It's credited with coining the phrase "time machine." The protagonist travels hundreds of thousands of years into the future and essentially everyone is healthy and (for the most part) safe but also their intelligence and stature devolve to that of children.
>so that you would need to learn a whole new language if you were to travel to the future, making it very impractical This is what Wells' time traveler did. He was never able to communicate that he was a time traveler, but he eventually learned simple sentences. I guess it's not that far-fetched that he was able to do learn it since at the end of the day all human language is mouth sounds, but I wonder if cybernetic implants would be more common in the future, in which case you wouldn't need sounds to communicate with others at all. Did they even have telephones in the 1890s? I'm not sure. If they did, it's easy to imagine a world where the telephone-esque technology advances.
But yeah, the interesting thing about Wells' far future is that it bypasses a lot of the scenarios you're describing about the super rich shooting trespassers or mutant hobos because after hundreds of thousands of years we've long-since found solutions for all of mankind's "problems" like homelessness, starvation, and so on. No use for physical strength or intelligence, so those traits would naturally diminish over time. Eventually we wouldn't need the intelligent to manage the technology, because we would design technology that can manage itself, which is already happening.
Side note, check out Stable Diffusion if you haven't heard of it. Open-source AI that you can run on your local computer generating images based off prompts or any other image you give it. Pic related.
>>>/g/88895088800,000 years in the future is really hard to imagine, though. It's far further than all of recorded human history so far, which spans a few thousands years.