>>10933470The Chinese Students and Scholars Association (CSSA) 中国学生学者联合(谊)会 is the official organization for overseas Chinese students and scholars registered in most colleges, universities, and institutions outside of the People's Republic of China. The associations in different institutions share a same name.
The CSSAs are collectively overseen by the Chinese Communist Party's United Front Work Department. Individual CSSAs are sponsored and monitored by Chinese embassy and consular officials, as the Chinese government has a consistent policy toward Chinese students and scholars since 1990 (Tiananmen Square Massacre 天安門大屠殺, primarily students, was June 4, 1989). The organization has been criticized for trying to control and monitor the speech of Chinese students and professors in Western countries, and for involvement in espionage in various countries including Canada, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom.
