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Thomas Aquinas’ “Five Ways” are philosophical arguments for God’s existence outlined in his Summa Theologica. They are:
1. Argument from Motion: Everything in motion must be moved by something else, leading to a first unmoved mover—God.
2. Argument from Efficient Cause: Every effect has a cause, requiring a first uncaused cause—God—to start the chain.
3. Argument from Contingency: Contingent beings (that can exist or not) depend on a necessary being—God—for their existence.
4. Argument from Degrees of Perfection: Variations in goodness, truth, and nobility imply a maximum standard—God—as their source.
5. Argument from Design: The order and purpose in the universe suggest a purposeful intelligent design by God.
These arguments collectively point to a single, eternal, and intelligent first cause.
