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In A.D. 675, in line with the Buddhist beliefs gainst the killing of animals, Emperor Tenmu decreed a prohibition on the consumption of cattle, horses, dogs, monkeys, and chickens during the 4th-9th months of the year; to break the law would mean a death sentence. Monkey was eaten prior to this time, but was eaten more in a ritualistic style for medicinal purposes. Chickens were often domesticated as pets, while cattle and horses were rare and treated as such. A cow or horse would be ritually sacrificed on the first day of rice paddy cultivation, a ritual introduced from China. Emperor Tenmu’s decree, however, did not ban the consumption of deer or wild boar, which were important to the Japanese diet at that time. [Source: Wikipedia]