>>16391159standard computers? no
but what youve described is how supercomputers are built. you need special hardware so the CPUs and memory can communicate insync without latency like you would if you, say, just had two normal computers talking to eachother via a USB or ethernet cable.
if the work can be divided into smaller bite size units and later reassembled you can use normal computers, its called distributed computing. Its like a decentralized supercomputer. Doesnt work for everything.