>>17325926>>17325932population census around the start of WW1
Philippines: ~ 8 million
Thailand: ~ 9 million
Vietnam: ~ 15 million
Korea: ~ 7 million
Japan: ~ 50 million
China: ~ 400 million
and in Europe it was
Russia: ~ 60 million
Germany: ~ 50 million
Italy: ~ 35 million
UK: ~ 45 million
France: ~ 40 million
Spain: ~ 20 million
Poland: ~ 20 million
Belgium: ~ 7 million
Romania: ~ 7 million
Netherlands: ~ 7 million
Hungary: ~ 8 million
Austria: ~ 6 million
I think asia was more like a kingdom polities until they got absorbed by an empire. The only great powers in asia were China and Japan.
But now many countries have grown to the size of great powers. In Europe there were already multiple competing great powers.