>>6097633Cases of corruption and cartel formation involving José Serra are relatively old, both in Brazil and abroad. Two interlinked controversies:
• The so-called Alstom case: the French company was said to have bribed not only Serra, but many other Brazilian politicians as well.
• Collusion between companies in the construction of the São Paulo subway.
Serra's campaign was supported by American oil companies such as Exxon Mobil and Chevron. He secretly promised to sell the rights to Brazil's newest petroleum discoveries in the pre-salt layer to those companies, reversing the model of da Silva. Serra ended state-owned oil company Petrobras' role as the chief operator of the pre-salt oil fields, which have an estimated value of three trillion dollars – twice the size of Brazil's gross domestic product (GDP). WikiLeaks released several documents showing that Serra promised protection to Chevron in order to transfer control from Petrobras in case of election victory.
