>>705654Are you familiar with the concept of expected value? The expected value of a certain action might increase or decrease depending on recognizable patterns the decision maker can take into account. Especially when one has to work with or make a decision based on incomplete information.
An advertising agency might use these patterns to place an advertisement in a certain location or channel because they know that specific demographic is more likely to develop an interest in the product, thus gaining more value back for their product. Likewise, a landlord might take into account a certain demographic being at higher risk of falling back on payments or damaging property based on previously known patterns when deciding who to rent out to.
Both of these are forms of discrimination based on stereotypes.