>>8338712It's a combination of how much light you let through the lens to the sensor and how sensitive the sensor is to light, both of which can be adjusted.
The reason the panorama looks so overexposed on that specific part is probably because automatically stitched panoramas like that set their exposure based on the first frame of the panorama and leave it at that exposure throughout in order to avoid a bunch of unevenly exposed sections.
You could have avoided the overexposed section by starting your panorama there but then everything around it would likely be very underexposed.
The reason the single frame pictures look fine is because as the filename indicates it's taken in hdr mode which means the cameras take multiple pictures really quickly at different exposures then blend them together so you get an even level of color and detail across the entire picture in both the bright and dark areas.
Hopefully that clears it up a little.
