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Cycling is based on the ability to focus.
Certain activities don't have an expensive entry barrier but require a deeply rooted ability to focus one's mind on a task, for long periods of time. The very best on those activities are almost exclusively white males. Writing, painting, sculpting, cycling, competitive sailing, even cooking.
It's not about road quality, entry barriers or something like that. It's simply the mindset, being able to focus on a goal for long periods of time, investing time and effort to reach it. Some other sports focus more on instant gratification, like football and basketball. You didn't score? Don't worry, you can try again in 30 seconds.
There's also the typically european aspect of the sport, that being the rider's will to improve himself and reach ever-increasing heights.
You play football, baseball or basketball. You don't play cycling.