>>1630916>1.4k budget>talking about used bikesretarded
>>1630915basically you need ~10mm clearance for fenders.
So a fast commuter will run 28/32mm tires. You want a bike with 38mm+ clearance.
In modern parlance, it's called a 'gravel bike' (also, cross, cx, adventure, touring). Although gravel bike can mean a lot of things between sluggish drop bar mtb, and road bike but with wide clearance. You want the latter.
Something like pic related. Then put 28/32mm slick road tires, full fenders, and a rack.