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Do bikes with larger wheels go faster than ones with small wheels? Yes; provided the wheels are turning at the same RPM. You have to put proportionately more effort into turning a big wheel but it will go faster if you can keep it spinning at the same rate as a small one.
I have 650b XC wheels w/ not very aggro 2.1 tires. I can roll over stuff easier than on 26 but thats the only difference I notice. I hate the plus trend b/c they are heavy and slow. I rode 1.95s forever and now its hard to find anything under 2.2.