So then, what is the fastest street-capable bicycle you can buy? At the current time, that would probably be the Peregrin-on-Birk.
http://speedbikes.ch/en/peregrin-on-a-birk/Cost with everything is about $35K US. A lot of money but it's built very well.
Flat cruising speeds is ~35 mph, sprinting to over 50 mph is possible.
There was a guy on
recumbents.com who bought one.
There is a number of other companies that offer streamliner *trikes*, but these always have more surface area and more weight and rolling resistance, having 3 wheels. The Peregrin-on-Birk is faster than they are.
Most people who have anything like this, built it themselves.
They report a common problem: if you use a normal bicycle gear set (just front chainrings and rear sprockets) then you kinda bump into the range limit of what a normal bicycle gear set is capable of. You have to resort to building some kind of compound gear setup to get the full speed range desired.
The Peregrin-on-Birk has the ability to run compound gears but apparently the first versions were just running front+rear sprockets.