>>1239310>>1239312>>1239313>>1239314In the United States most of those kind of maps would be made through ArcGIS to represent the lines and layers, then probably cleaned up and labeled in Adobe Illustrator. There are open source alternatives. I've heard QGIS is more common in Europe and then you could use Inkscape.
In the United States many local governments release the geographic information required to use on a Geographic Information System like parks, water, roads, transit, rail. If your government doesn't release that information you can skim it off Open Street Map which is like a Wikipedia for mapping because anyone can edit it.
Pic related is a map I made at work just using ArcGIS so it's not very pretty.
t. American transportation planner and GIS monkey
