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My 5 speed RD sometimes won't shift up from the smallest to the next-smallest unless I shift up twice and back down. When it fails to, the upper jockey wheel clatters side to side without the chain moving properly. Adjusting the RD in more causes it to just change to struggle upshifting to the 4th gear without shifting to the 5th and back down.
Picrelated is what it looks like when it fails to shift.