>>1886693This evening I put together a heating pad version using 15mm carbon tape which I have some of but hadn't used before because it's kind of a pain in the ass. I wanted to see if using copper crimps make it any less awful. I still prefer the carbon rope, as it is much easier to attach wires and make tight bends. But the tape has move surface area. But but the rope can be unwoven and split into multiple paths (but that complicates things a lot and throws out the heat calculation). The loops need to be a specific length for a specific voltage as the combination of both determine the peak temp. But if you unweave the rope, the wattage drops, so you need to compensate by increasing the peak temp, which is safe to do because the heat dissipates so fast it can never reach the peak temp.
I have an Instructables project for the gloves I'm using now. The carbon material might be harder to get now since it comes out of Russia and the sanctions wiped out most of the seller's payment processing options. It must be made there because I couldn't find anywhere else that sells it.
https://www.instructables.com/Heated-Glove-Liners-Version-35-9V-USB-C-Optimized/I was going to make an updated insole warmer project last year but never got around to it. When my old heating pads broke I was in a hurry and didn't want to take the time to take dozens of photos while making them. The first one I made years ago is terrible. I'll make one for the carbon tape version.