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What you could do in Germany:
-> fight corruption and nepotism in the railway business
-> renovate railway lines (in 1926, my great-grandfather was traveling faster on my main route than me)
-> Add more cars will increase the consumption of a train less than you think. The wind resistance only has to be broken once. I'm in favor of families or groups of friends getting a compartment for themselves and keeping it affordable. For this luxury, the interior can also be poorer. Simple seats with upholstery are enough.
-> Sleeping cars are superior for trips of 5 hours and more and can also be built space-saving.
What you could do on short distances:
-> Air conditioning
-> Wlan
-> quiet area (although nobody will stick to the rules anyway)
-> more area/passenger so that everyone can have a seat
The problem is that there is always a reflection of society in public transport and if you live in a region with many migrants who's role models are rappers and drug dealers, then it will always be uncomfortable and unconscionable. Only a separation of people, as it takes place socially everywhere, would be helpful, but is not possible because it would be racist.