>>1436027some of these are Britticisms ("mudguard" for fender) and the "combined shift and brake levers" are never called that. they're either called brifters or integrated shifters.
older bikes have shift levers on the downtube: "downtube shifters," often abbreviated to DTs.
before rear cassettes were invented there were no freehubs on the hub; the freewheel mech (the ratcheting thing that makes the "bike noise" when you coast) was integrated with the gear cluster and the whole thing threaded onto the rear hub, those are called "freewheels." kinda confusing. if unsure I just say "cluster." anything newer than late 80s will be a cassette, though.
the individual gears in front on the crank are kinda retardedly named "chainrings" and sometimes you still see the older, even more retarded term "chainwheels." the individual gears on the rear cluster are called "cogs". "gears" is an acceptable general or collective term, though.
also, there are a ton of fags who ride fixed-gear bikes, which have no freewheels or cassettes and only one gear in back and you can actually pedal them backwards since the drivetrain is, well, fixed. these people suck.
there are also gears hidden inside of very large rear hubs with a single cog outside on the chain,, those are internal-geared hubs or IGH. the classic townbike came with a 3-speed hub but they make new ones with more gears and you can put them on whatever wheel and bike you want.
the gears, chain, crank, and whichever mechanisms to switch gears, if any, are collectively known as the "drivetrain".
that's everything I can think of right now that was left off the chart but still useful to know.
