>>2015613Heres another example. Black walnut overstory. You get nuts, can tap them for syrup and very valuable lumber among other uses. Black walnuts are allelopathic but theres a bunch of plants that are not only resistant to juglone but thrive with it. Pawpaws will make up most of the understory. They'll do great in the dappled shade of well spaced out walnuts.black raspberries also will do well under walnuts. Elderberry and spicebush are others that would work in the shrub layer. Cutleaf coneflower might make a good herbaceous layer vegetable.
