>>260179Convection, extremely simplified:
q/A = ΔT*k*v / R
With v being wind speed in m/s. The thermal conductivity of air is 0.024, the R-value of the thick pad, thin pad and compressed insulation are 3.9, 0.9 and 0.1 respectively.
As you can see, sleeping without pad or underquilt is not really doable, but even a thin pad can protect you from heat loss through convection.
