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Having gone on long canoe trips in the back country (14+ days), the foods we bring are simple. Its what people stored prior to refrigeration.
Staples:
>oatmeal (rolled, not instant)
>rice
>cornmeal
>flour
>dried navy beans
Fats:
>olive oil
>ghee (Indian high-fat, high-cal clarified butter, stores for 3 mo at room temp)
Proteins:
>dry sausage
>salted fish
>salt pork
Other:
>dried fruits and nuts
>molasses (excellent nutrients and high-cal)
>sun-dried tomatoes
>seasonings, etc
Sometimes I'll bring along fresh onions, garlic, a head of cabbage, and other bulkier items, but not many, to keep weight down. Most of the above applies to hiking, too. Read up on how people at a century or more ago, and you'll get better ideas on what to bring.