>>2807838My first idea was cherimoya. Obscure enough in europe that there's a decent chance someone hasn't heard of them before (probably different in the US), very tasty, should grow in a pot as long as the pot isn't too small. It'll not get to full size, but it should still fruit, so there's that. You probably should buy one first and taste it though, because while some people love them others don't or can't get over the texture.
You can grow banana trees in pots, my parents have some in their sunroom, no lights or anything, but if you don't like their taste those are off the table.
Citrus should be your safe bet. Lemons, kumquat stuff like that. Even physalis are an option if you do it right.