>>2496901I think it's better to consider them to be uncomfortable as opposed to painful. Any kind of pain suggests there are hot spots, meaning the shoe might not be too small but instead the wrong shape for your foot and you should instead try a different model.
I downsized 1.5 sizes in my instincts; I have to pop the heel out between climbs but they are never painful...
On the other hand I have pair of pinks that are 0.5 sizes down and cause searing pain in all my toes as they're too narrow...
Finally note that how much you downsize depends on the make as well as the model. For example, I'm true to size in Unparallel but go 3.5 sizes down in La Sportiva