>>1472195Soil is 1 part compost, 1 part sand, and 1 part clay or as close as I can eyeball that with shovel loads. The pipe has drainage holes all up and down it inside and compost is placed inside. Theres' a cap on the bottom to dump out fully composted materials.The pipe is 4" I think, but it is far too small. When I redo that barrel, I'll be installing a much wider pipe. I'm thinking an 8"-10" diameter pipe would be better. It would allow more compost room and not require a ton of soil that doesn't seem to be needed for the most part. One thing to watch out for is that the top will dry out faster than the bottom.