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Yeah, I have gone on multiple long-distance bicycle trips, vegetarian for 11 years, vegan for 6. The winning ingredients are:
>nuts, seeds (also muesli bars and similar)
>dried fruit
>oats (cooked, or just soaked in water overnight)
>bread & peanut butter
>restock in towns with canned items and fresh produce depending on your luggage weight preference
Never had a problem with above. I also have a pouch of "greens/superfood powders", like spirulina/beetroot/broccoli/turmeric etc. for micronutrients and to add to meals.
Happy adventuring!