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There was a issue a while back with polyurethane soles disintegrating on boots after a few minutes or hours of wear, when they had been stored for months or years.
Mine had a polyurethane foam layer closer to the foot, and regular rubber on the part that touches the ground, the outer sole fell right off.
It was a 25€ repair, and the boot was free from a ex-military guy that had kept them brand new, unused for ten years and was moving.
The foam that the cobbler put in is thinner and more dense, and he insisted on new, thinner soles too, since "the original ones don't take glue that well".
If I were to do it again, I would ask for an extra layer of foam or two and insist on putting on the original, thicker, more hard wearing sole.