>>1496563Distilling is the best method. It will skip by 99% of the problems in the worst places. The main problem after that will be chemicals from oil & gas wells which are so close to water's boiling point that you'd need a lab quality fractional distillery to even have a hope of getting it out. Thankfully, you'll probably never need that sort of filtration. Though, I'm sure that in some terribly polluted 3rd world countries there are some pretty bad pollutants that you'll not be able to get out either.
>urineTypically, you'd distill it. First you boil it simply to get most of the ammonia to evaporate. Then you distill it. Then you run it through a charcoal filter.