>>2309673>>2309673The ten essentials, in no particular order
>hydrationWater or a filter
>nutritionFood
>shelterTent, tarp, etc.
>first aidkeep it simple
>repair toolsDuct tape, small knife
>illuminationHeadlamp, flash light
>navigationMap and compass, GPS, not always needs tbqh
>insulationWarm close, sleeping bag
>fire>sun, wind, rain protectionChanges with each trip, big hat, rain jacket, umbrella
That’s just the broad list. Each item on there can spawn a 200 reply thread, and will ultimately be determined by your plans (hunting trip, car camping, day hiking, back packing, etc.). Some things can often be left out; if it’s the dry season in Arizona there’s no need for rain gear, likewise for sun protection in a dense forest during an overcast weekend.
Also it doesn’t include a backpack or appropriate clothing or footwear, again, broad subjects that are determined by what you plan on doing.
As far as where you can go, if you’re in the US then national forests are generally open to the public. Or just Google hiking trails in your state.