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You can probably get by with like 50 bucks total if you are willing to go second hand. There is a surprising amount of decent to good fishing gear on flea markets where people sell grandpas fishing stuff after his death and have no idea how much it's worth, nor do they care.
If you are in a third world country, this may be a bit different, as I would assume the poorer the people on average, the more likely they are to do research before selling used equipment.
What you need is: A rod, a reel (start with a spinning reel probably), some line (mono is probably fine as a beginner), hooks, bait, some leaders, swivels, swimmers and some weights. It depends on what and where you plan on fishing too. You can get by with some very cheap, borderline free / DIY spinners and bait, or expensive stuff.
Depending on local laws, you will need a licence/permit, a fishhook remover (I like to use a hemostat), knife and a tool to "stun" the fish, as well as a suitable net. Some jurastictions require you to carry a tool to keep the fish's mouth open while removing the hook as well.
Fishing isn't expensive, but it can quickly get expensive, if you want to.
I'd say for new shit, a begginers kit may cost you somewhere between 75-200 bucks (includes everything). You can maybe stay lower if you really try, but that'll be hard without sacrificing performance too much.
