>>2832822uplifted ancient ocean bed (sedimentary) cut into by water alone vs folded (imagine putting your hands on a tablecloth and pushing them towards one another) metamorphic rock
also ridge and valley areas tend to have broader - longitudinally oriented valleys - whereas plateau has "hollers" i.e. very little truly flat land - usually around riverbeds - mostly up and down slot canyons - tho it varies between high plateau and low plateau
ridge and valley tends to have higher elevation and also SUCKS for hiking because it tends to be really fucking rocky and hard on your feet - plateau is softer ground
smokies are ridge and valley
big south fork/red river gorge/new river gorge is plateau, pittsburgh and cincinnati are both on the plateau
knoxville, chattanooga, and birmingham al are ridge and valley (bordering the plateau)
the plateau is harder to traverse (no valleys you can go through) so its less densely settled - but the hiking is SWEET