>>2921654will tell you what I know. Yes there is genres :
Wildlife photography : things you would see on national geographic documentaries, for example, close up of pumas
Macro photography : Photo of insect taking all the frame, for example.
Sport photography : the name speaks for itself. You need some expensive gear to do some shots most of the time.
Landscape photography : you must have guessed what it is
Astrophotography : sort of landscape photography, centered on the sky and its stars/galaxies etc..
Street photography : candid photos, showing everyday life.
Portrait photos
Fashion photography (hell this one is shitty)
Products/food/architectural photography
Photojournalism
and many more, i guess