>>3013729> around $300You could get a P&S, but that doesn't really do anything much your phone doesn't do.
A Nikon D3x00 with a old 28-105mm AF-D might almost meet the budget as well. But the AF-D lens wont AF until you buy a D7x00 or better (which will possibly annoy you in other uses). And a D3x00 doesn't really give you much help with MF, or particularly much else.
A Nex-6 or better A6000 + Sony 30mm f/3.5 macro would do the job all right for still relatively cheap, but we're still getting closer to $600.
Maybe you can find some random used deal on eBay or keh that works perfectly?