>Why is he famous
Because he's not just a photographer, he's a personality, he's been in multiple scandals regarding sexual misconduct and he looks very distinct, also he takes pictures of himself next to everyone he photographs, he made himself a celebrity
>Why are his photos famous
He's been doing headshots for a long time and has a lot of connections to publications from how long he's been working, he's also sought after for work at this point because attaching his name to the cover of a magazine featuring a celebrity will get more attention.
If you ask someone who knows nothing about photography to name ONE famous photographer, they usually will say Terry Richardson because that's all they know of