>>3459306Composition is a decent part of what makes a photograph "good". Anyone can take a picture but to have it actually work and be "good" is a different kettle of fish. Composition is a series of concepts and don't apply to any particular kind or flavour of camera, they can be learned and applied to any kind of photography.
The drawbacks of using a phone are that you will be severely limited in your technical decisionmaking.
You have a fixed focal length, you can't open up the aperture to give a smaller depth of field and low light performance sucks and is noisy as shit. You also probably won't be able to output files in RAW format so you have less data to work with in post-production and therefore less flexibility.
It's not to say you can't get good pictures out of a phone, you just won't have that flexibility and those technical choices to make.
It's like trying to bake a cake but all you have is flour and a small orange. Sure, you'll get a result but it's going to be limiting and may prevent you from achieving the look or concept you were aiming for.