Schizotypal personality disorder
Definition
Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is a mental condition in which a person has trouble with relationships and disturbances in thought patterns, appearance, and behavior.
Alternative Names
Personality disorder - schizotypal
Causes
The exact cause of SPD is unknown. Many factors may be involved:
Genetic -- SPD seems to be more common among relatives. Studies have found that some gene defects are found more often in people with SPD.
Psychologic -- A person's personality, ability to deal with stress, and handle relationships with others may contribute to SPD.
Environmental -- Emotional trauma as a child and chronic stress may also play roles in developing SPD.
Symptoms
SPD should not be confused with schizophrenia. People with SPD can have odd beliefs and behaviors, but unlike people with schizophrenia, they are not disconnected from reality and usually DO NOT hallucinate. They also DO NOT have delusions.
People with SPD may be very disturbed. They may also have unusual preoccupations and fears, such as fear of being monitored by government agencies.
More commonly, people with this disorder behave oddly and have unusual beliefs (such as aliens). They cling to these beliefs so strongly that they have difficulty forming and keeping close relationships.
People with SPD may also have depression. A second personality disorder, such as borderline personality disorder, is also common. Mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders are also common among people with SPD.
