>>4196189He'd have a dark spot on his mirror, a damaged eye (permanent blindness), and possibly a glitchy or dead PDAF sensor. Sometimes it burns the shutter curtains and melts some lens coatings if it's a really bright day or a really stupid photographer.
In either case it would ruin the camera.
>with a fast lensIt's largely about focal length so more of the suns disk is more focused on more of the sensor and diffusion of the heat becomes less likely
You don't get this issue with wide angles so often because the sun is just less focused on the sensor so it takes longer to burn it
What a DSLR would change is OP wouldn't take this photo to begin with because his eye would be extremely painful after looking through the viewfinder... unless he used live view.
>>4196190They've always been able to do this, traditionally with 2-3 second exposures shooting landscapes with a telephoto.