As you scrutinise the list of technologies, one of them appears strangely misplaced for a MOON BASE.
An optical clock, and PNT Positioning, Timing, Navigation technology is essential - because you cannot "see" spacecraft, you can only rely upon ground station tracking technology, various methods of interferometry or Doppler shift, all of which rely upon almost infinitesimally demanding precision in timing and synchronisation. A common method is the hydrogen maser, yielding accuracy in order of magnitude of around 10^(-12) ... with improved microwave methods, perhaps stretching 10^(-16) yet it is surmised that optical lattice and laser cooling confinement methods might yield 10^(-18) and potentially more importantly for spacecraft: mass, dimensional, thermal and portability considerations as well. In NASA spacecraft, the execution of programs are commonly internally synchronised direct to onboard SCLK - the space clock drives every program and command sequence sent via uplink from Earth. So PNT technology: the clock is absolutely crucial.
Similarly, opto-pyro ignition methods, with the improvement and miniaturisation advancements of fibre lasers, are easy to understand. In an Entry-Descent-Landing sequence on Mars, it would not be surprising to see between 70-120 pyro detonations - it is not just the heat shield being blown off - but a delicate series of micro calibrations and thrusters and often one-shot, irreversible jettisoning explosions. Any system which minimises the risk and need for explosives here is desirable.
The foam research is slightly puzzling - but understanding the nature of foam is essential to life in microgravity. Mainly because, yes, it will involve drinking the recycled urine. So the properties of foam could aid in life support, the purification of waste and liquid products in various foam filtration techniques in space. Always remember to drink the urine!
(QM: I think what this anon suggested
>>6314014for 3D structure fabrication might possibly be valid too, but it is a bit advanced and sci-fi given the materials and properties of regolith available and the ISRU techniques at hand on the Moon. If you know of any NASA research into lunar foam houses let me know!)
