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Ghost - The "Yōkai" type: Generally creepy folkloric creatures you'd hear about around the campfire. Alternatively, literal ghosts and possessed objects. Connected to magic so mostly use Special moves.
Fairy - The good version of Ghost: Genrally cute or well-meaning folkloric creatures you'd hear stories of around the campfire. Also connected to magic so mostly use Special moves.
Steel - Strong defensive pokémon usally made of or containing steel/iron/diamond etc. in their bodies.
Bug - Bugs, insects, arachnids and invertebrates (like worms). Usally weaker pokémon found in large numbers.
Poison - Poisonous, venomous, and infectious things (such as bacteria) are present either in these pokémon's bodies or their moves.
Dragon - It is important to note that, in the pokémon world, the term "dragon" is used to refer to non-Dragon Types such as Charizard, meaning the Type name likely came after the word in-universe. Scientifically, "Dragon Type" is used by pokémon scientists to describe strong pokémon with highly offensive moves and who have a resistance to the three basic types: Grass, Fire, and Water, along with the Electric type. Having wings and breathing fire does not make a dragon.