>>12546034Most items are essentially a form of motivation for your Pokemon.
While some items might have some form of special characteristic that enhances a Pokemon's power (Possibly from a connection they had millions of years ago to where the item originates from.) most items are just seen as treasures given to Pokemon by their trainer, enhancing their power by motivation and not by some form of genetic connection.
Lets say you give a Black Belt to a fighting-type Pokemon, Black Belts are usually given to those who have completed training and you usually think of Blackbelts as really strong, skilled individuals, Pokemon see it this way too, they know you think they're strong enough to be worthy of a Black Belt.
>>12546047See
>>12545276 on Skitty
Pokemon are able to mimic other Pokemon's ability and it can sometimes mean that Pokemon (in this case Octillery) can learn attacks not of it's type (Flamethrower).