Quoted By:
In Anime? No.
In games, not so much either - after all - you can battle with water pokemon even outside water and in HG/SS you can even have water pokemon follow you outside the pokeball and outside the water.
But then again, some pokedex entries contradict it - for example Corsolas' pokedex entry says that in would die in polluted waters, which sort of implies that surface would not be good either-
But I guess for the sake of simplicity of the game mechanics - nobody cares about that.
Imagine going to Fire gym and you want to use your water pokemon and it just says "You are not in Water. Starmie fainted."
