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No formula, lots of experimentation. You see this a lot with the first iterations of everything. Often times trying to figure out "what works" creates a more interesting and entertaining product than the eventual formula the creators come up with. People wouldn't be half as nostalgic for the original kanto anime if it had to be written following the totally sterilized, literal rulebooks the series as a whole must follow now.
The bad dub did a lot to spice things up too.