Quoted By:
Well we know there are cities with a lot of heavy industry, taking just one example, Gringey City in the anime. Also, Silph Co its implied is a conglomerate a la Japanese zaibatsu. I'm just going to guess a lot of shit is shown off screen.
Economics wise, I'd say it's mostly explainable, its a capitalist system. When they eat places, they gotta pay money, even in Pokemon centers. People work even mundane jobs, like waiters and shop clerks, etc. The only really thing that doesn't jive is how the Pokemon battling sub economy fits into the larger one.
Police are obviously there. Human medical care is there as seen in that one S1 episode. The military is there considering Lt Surge, and various Navy guys here and there.
The biggest problem is education, obviously. How the fuck does that all even work?