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Rowlet's final is called Ravarcher and is Grass/Flying, Litten's final is called Belgre and is Fire/Dark and Popplio's final is called Sirenade and is Water/Fairy.
One gains the title Champion after you have completed all trials and defeated the kahunas. Trial Captains are Gym Leaders and Kahunas are Elite Four you battle mid-journey. There are 4 of them. With that being said, someone already surpassed you. It is neither Ash nor Hau.
Yes, Ultra Beasts are catachable post game, but in order to do that, you have to get a special Poké Ball, called the Aether Ball. You can catch only one Ultra Beast per game with this ball.
Zygarde Cells are Ultra Beasts. They are not usable in-game however. The others are, like I said and once you catch one of them they'll have odd typings that don't even make sense. UB-02 Beauty is for example pure Flying while UB-03 Freeling is Ground/Dragon. Their abilities don't make sense either. UB-02 Absorption has Pixelate.
Think of Ultra Beasts as someone's Pokémon counterpart. They are desperate to become a being. Lillie's story is that she interacted with UB-01 Wisdom and fused with her. Once fused, Ultra Beast does not have the will to interact with Pokémon. They don't possess any intelligence unless combined with a human being or under the ownership of a trainer.
There are unrevealed Pokémon, but I guess you'll have to wait for an update.
Team Skull are the main villains. Their endgame is one big punchline though, so be prepared if you don't want to be dissapointed.