Using in-game text, here is a map of the Pokémon World created by BirdKeeperToby, and the video explaining how he came to this conclusion.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8SvpHS4-nEIt's basically the closest to a canon-accurate Pokémon world map we have, that doesn't resort to the "they just fit where the real countries do" idea, which the games have contradicted numerous times.
>inb4 PokétuberYeah he can be a cringelord, but it's relevant to the discussion and there's clearly an interest in the regions and history and geography of the world in this thread so maybe you can find it interesting or useful to your theories.