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Because it's literally Rock/Paper/Scissors, and it's very easy for a child to understand right off the bat that Water>Fire>Grass>Water, easier than any other triangle.
Say it was Grass/Ground/Poison
>Well Poison kills plants
>And Grass grows in the ground
>And Ground... uh...
For Rock/Flying/Fighting
>Well Rocks can hit birds if you throw them at them
>Martial artists can break rocks
>And... uh... Punching birds is hard...?
Grass/Water/Fire is the only perfect triangle that makes the most sense immediately to a child, which is what they're MARKETING to. It introduces the type chart, is readily readable unlike Bug over Dark, and M-MUH PATTERNS. If they evolved into another perfect triangle like those above, that's fine, but G/W/F is the easiest for kids to learn.