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black and white two continued the story of black and white and had some new gym leaders etc.
x&y are 3d, have new pokemon of course, added a new type called Fairy which is pimp no matter what the haters say, and added some new mechanics.
the new mechanic which is designed to get everybody excited is mega forms of existing pokemon, like mewtwo and lucario and shit, where a pokemon holds a special item called a megastone and then transformes into a super saiyan version of that pokemon. overall it's kind of a marketting gimmick and it's not really gonna change the game that much except you can have a mega ampharos who looks totally awesome. because the mega forms are triggered by a held item in a lot of situations it will probably be better just to hold leftovers or some other really good item instead. but it's cool.
fairy type is good against dragons. some old pokemon are now fairy, like jigglypuff and mawile. that's about it for big changes.