Hey guys, This is for you as much as me. I'm going to try mnemonic exercises to nail down what is super effective against what. I apologize if some of these are corny.
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Bug
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Bugs eats Grass
Bugs scare Psychic types
Bugs come out when it's Dark

You can set Bugs on Fire with a magnifying glass
Rocks are an eternal annoyance to small Bugs
Flying animals (birds, bats, etc.) eat Bugs mostly.
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Dark
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More people are scared of the Dark than Ghosts.
Psychics are scared of the Dark, so much so they won't even go near Darkness.

Bugs are more active in the Dark.
An honorable Fighting style is better than a cheap dirty fighting style.
Fairies emit light and that drives away darkness.
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Dragon
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Only a Dragon can match a Dragon in strength physically.

Dragons are reptilian and thus an Icy climate is bad for them.
Fairies are the antithesis to a Dragons in mythology
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Electric
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Electric can electrify water.
The higher a Bird is in the sky, the easier it is to get struck by lightning.

Lighting hitting pure dirt doesn't do anything.